Operators in java

Let’s learn operators in java.

Operators in java

Operator is symbol to perform operations. Here are types of operators in java,

• Arithmetic operators in java
• Unary operators in java
• Logical operator
• Shift operator
• Relational operators in java or java relational operators
• Bitwise operators in java
• Ternary operator in java or java conditional operator
• Assignment operator

Arithmetic operators in java

Arithmetic operator is used in mathematical expressions to perform division, addition, subtraction and multiplication.

public class ArithmeticOperatorDemo 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      int i = 25;
      int j = 5;
      System.out.println(i + j);
      System.out.println(i - j);
      System.out.println(i * j);
      System.out.println(i / j);
      System.out.println(i % j);
   }
}

Output :

30
20
125
5
0

Unary operators in java

Unary operator needs only one operand. Using unary operator we can,

1. increment or decrement a value by one
2. negating expression
3. inverting a value

In the post-increment operation, value of variable ‘a’ will be changed only after plus symbol. So this plus symbol will increment value of ‘a’ by 1.

While in pre-increment operation value of variable ‘a’ is increased first by 1.

public class UnaryPostIncrementDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      int a = 22; 
      System.out.println(a++);
      System.out.println(++a); 
      System.out.println(a--); 
      System.out.println(--a);
      System.out.println(a++ + ++a);  
      System.out.println(b++ + b++);
   }
}

Output:

22
24
24
22
46
21

Negating and Inverting operator

public class UnaryOperator 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      int i = 50; 
      int j = -50; 
      boolean a = true; 
      boolean b = false; 
      System.out.println(~i);
      System.out.println(~j); 
      System.out.println(!a); 
      System.out.println(!b);
   }
}

Output:

-51
49
false
true

Logical Operator

Logical operator helps us understand the result of two operands X and Y for making a decision.

• && – logical AND
• || – logical OR

Logical AND(&&)

If both conditions are true then it returns true.

Logical OR(||)

If atleast one of the two condition is true then result is true.

Logical NOT(!)

This operator reverses the result. For example, returns true if the operand to the right evaluates to false.

Now let’s see java logical operators with examples,

public class LogicalOperatorDemo 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      System.out.println("Logical AND Operator");
      int num1 = 20;
      int num2 = 30;
      int num3 = 40;

      boolean output1 = num2 > num1 && num2 < num3;
      System.out.println(output1);

      boolean output2 = num2 < num1 && num2 < num3;
      System.out.println(output1);

      boolean output3 = num2 > num1 && num2 > num3;
      System.out.println(output3);

      boolean output4 = num2 < num1 && num2 > num3;
      System.out.println(output4);

      System.out.println("Logical OR Operator");
      output1 = num2 > num1 || num2 < num3;
      System.out.println(output1);

      output2 = num2 < num1 || num2 < num3;
      System.out.println(output2);

      output3 = num2 > num1 || num2 > num3;
      System.out.println(output3);

      output4 = num2 < num1 || num2 > num3;
      System.out.println(output4);

      System.out.println("Logical Not Operator");
      boolean temp = false ;
      boolean temp1 = !temp;
      System.out.println("Temp : " + temp);
      System.out.println("Logical not : " + temp1);

      int n1 = 30;
      int n2 = 45;
      int n3 = 50;

      boolean result1 = n1 < n2;
      boolean result2 = !(n1 < n2);
      System.out.println(result1);
      System.out.println(result2);

      boolean result3 = n1 < n2 && n2 < n3;
      boolean result4 = !(n1 < n2 && n2 < n3);
      System.out.println(result3);
      System.out.println(result4);

   }
}

Output:

Logical AND Operator
true
true
false
false
Logical OR Operator
true
true
true
false
Logical Not Operator
Temp : false
Logical not : true
true
false
true
false

Shift operator

• << left shift operator
• >> right shift operator
• >>> zero fill right shift operator(unsigned right shift)

<< left shift operator

In << left shift operator left operand value is moved left by number of bits specified by right operand.

public class LeftShiftOperatorDemo 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      System.out.println(8 << 2); // 100000
   }
}

Output:

32

>> bitwise right shift operators in java

In >> right shift operator right operand value is moved by right by number of bits specified by left operand.

public class RightShiftOperatorDemo 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      System.out.println(8 >> 2); // 10
   }
}

Output:

2

unsigned right shift

Here 8 zero fill right shift 2 means, left operand value is moved right by number of bits specified by right operand and shifted values are filled with zeros irrespective of sign of number.

public class UnsignedRightShiftDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      System.out.println(8 >>> 2); // 000010
   }
}

Output:

2

Relational operator or java relational operators

Relational operators give us the ability to compare two things usually numbers. There are six relational operators,

• equal to (==)
• less than (<)
• greater than (>)
• not equal to (!=)
• greater than or equal to (≥)
• less than or equal to (≤)

The output of relational operator is boolean value, that is, true or false.

public class RelationalOperatorDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      boolean bool1 = 10 < 6;
      System.out.println(bool1);
      boolean bool2 = 10 > 6;
      System.out.println(bool2);
      boolean bool3 = 23.5 != 15;
      System.out.println(bool3);
      boolean bool4 = 14 * 5.5 >= 67.0 - 42;
      System.out.println(bool4);
      boolean bool5 = 6.8 * 54 <= 654;
      System.out.println(bool5);
      boolean bool6 = 5 * 6 == 6 * 9;
      System.out.println(bool6);
      boolean bool7 = 3 * 2 <= 2 * 6;
      System.out.println(bool7);
      boolean bool8 = 2 * 6 < 6 * 6;
      System.out.println(bool8);
   }
}

Output:

false
true
true
true
true
false
true
true

instanceof operator

This is an operator through which we can test whether an object is an instance of class type, subclass type or interface type at runtime.

Also read – comments in java

instanceof operator is also known for casting object at runtime. It returns boolean value “true” if reference is of specified type, else returns “false”.

class Demo
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      Demo obj = new Demo();
      System.out.println(obj instanceof Demo);
   }
}

Output:

true

Bitwise operators in java

Bitwise operator works on bits and executes bit by bit of a number. Bitwise operator can be used on datatypes like int, short, char etc.

Bitwise operator is similar to logic gate. Here are bitwise operation java operators,

• Bitwise AND (&) – if both bits are 1, it gives 1, else 0.
• Bitwise OR (|) – if either of the bits is 1, it gives 1, else 0.
• Bitwise XOR (^) – if corresponding bits are different, it gives 1, else 0.
• Bitwise COMPLIMENT(~) – return’s complement, that is, it makes every 0 to 1, and every 1 to 0.

public class BitwiseOperatorDemo 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) 
   {
      int x = 9; 
      int y = 3; 
      System.out.println("x & y : " + (x & y)); 
      System.out.println("x | y : " + (x | y)); 
      System.out.println("x ^ y : " + (x ^ y));
      System.out.println("~x : " + (~x));
   }
}

Output:

x & y : 1
x | y : 11
x ^ y : 10
~x : -10

Ternary operator or conditional operators in java

Ternary operator or java conditional operator decides which value must be assigned to variable based on condition or expression. This operator is shorthand for if-then-else statement.

Java conditional operator or ternary operator uses three operands, condition which evaluates to true or false, value that is returned if condition is true and value that is returned if condition is false.

Syntax:

variable var = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

public class TernaryOperatorDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      int x, y;
      x = 20;
      y = (x == 1) ? 60: 100;
      System.out.println("Value of y : " + y);
      y = (x == 20) ? 60: 100;
      System.out.println("Value of y : " + y);
   }
}

Output:

Value of y : 100
Value of y : 60

Assignment operator

Assignment operators are used to assign some value to variable. It has a combination of left and right.

That is, value on left hand side of assignment operator is assigned to variable on right hence left hand side value should be declared before using it.

Here is the list of assignment operators,

• (+=) : add left operand with right operand and assign it to variable on left. For example, a+= 1 is equal to a = a + 1.
• (-=) : subtract left operand with right operand and assign it to variable on left. For example, a-= 1 is equal to a = a – 1.
• (*=) : multiply left operand with right operand and assign it to variable on left. For example, a*= 1 is equal to a = a * 1.
• (/=) : divide left operand with right operand and assign it to variable on left. For example, a/= 1 is equal to a = a / 1.
• (%=) : assign modulo of left operand with right operand then assign to variable on left. For example, a%= 1 is equal to a = a % 1.

Let’s see java assignment operator with examples,

public class AssignmentOperatorDemo
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      int numOne = 60;
      int numTwo = 30;

      numTwo += numOne;
      System.out.println("(+=) : " + numTwo);

      numTwo -= numOne;
      System.out.println("(-=) : " + numTwo);

      numTwo *= numOne;
      System.out.println("(*=) : " + numTwo);

      numTwo /= numOne;
      System.out.println("(/=) : " + numTwo);

      numTwo %= numOne;
      System.out.println("(%=) : " + numTwo);

   }
}

Output:

(+=) : 90
(-=) : 30
(*=) : 1800
(/=) : 30
(%=) : 30

Now let’s see precedence of above discussed operators,